For instance, topographic features in the bottom sediments determine whether vegetation can thrive.
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The team will also be watching how much sediment is coming in from rivers and available to replenish eroded coastal areas or bottom sediments that were displaced during the storm. “If the salinity gradients have changed because of Ida and salinity increases inland, it may kill off freshwater marshes, and they will be replaced by salt marshes,” said Simard. Other were uprooted and will no longer offer the coastal protection they once did.”Īmong the things that Delta-X teams will be tracking closely is how salinity levels and the amount of sediment in water shifts in the region over time. “Some of the losses may have been floating plants that washed away or plants that simply lost their seasonal leaves and will probably grow back. “One of the interesting things to watch will be to see if the stark changes you see in this Landsat image prove to be temporary or long lasting,” said Simard. In mid-September, when waters have receded, teams will begin taking samples from the ground again. After canceling some field work while Ida was nearby, the Delta-X team restarted flights a few days later and has been using plane-based radar, including the UAVSAR and AirSWOT sensors, to assess the effects of the storm. “A combination of flooding, erosion, and defoliation during Ida likely created many of the new patches of open water visible in the Landsat image,” explained Marc Simard, the principal investigator for NASA’s Delta-X mission, a field campaign to the Mississippi River Delta that was conducting research on sediment and marsh dynamics when Ida approached. (Check Worldview to see a cloudier pair of images that show marshes in this area before Ida hit in August 2021 compared to after the storm in September 2021.) The large rectangular feature is a low-lying farm built on reclaimed land and protected by a levee and pumping system. The image below shows a more detailed view of an area in Lafourche Parish near Larose. Damaged or missing marsh vegetation left large patches of open water, especially in parts of the Lafourche, Jefferson, and Plaquemines parishes. Floodwaters still swamped areas along many rivers, coasts, and lakes. The suspended sediment looks brown in the natural-color version of the same image (below).įive days after the storm, many water bodies were still discolored by sediment stirred up by rain and floods. Water with more suspended sediment appears lighter blue.
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The image combines red, near-infrared, and short-wave infrared wavelengths ( bands 5-4-3) to make it easier to distinguish between water (dark blue) and vegetation (green). While Landsat 8 collects new imagery of this area every two weeks, more recent images from 2016-2020 had significant cloud cover. The false-color images above show a portion of far southern Louisiana, including the Barataria Basin and Breton Sound, on Septem(left) and Septem(right). Some key roads and bridges are out, and returning residents are facing curfews and boil water warnings.įive days after catastrophic storm surge, winds, and downpours pummeled the Mississippi River Delta, the Operational Land Imager (OLI) on Landsat 8 acquired imagery of the storm-damaged region. Large numbers of homes have been destroyed or severely damaged.
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In many of the hardest-hit communities, access to power, air conditioning, and gas remains a challenge. Hurricane Ida may have moved on, but the web of problems the powerful hurricane left behind after striking southern Louisiana remain.